Worship Helps for Advent 4
Artwork: The Angel Appearing to Saint
Joseph
Artist: Valentin de Boulogne
Worship Theme: God will come to save his people, just as
he promised. He saves them through the virgin born Son of David who is also the
Son of God, Immanuel. The Church prays for God to come in power to take away
the burden of our sins. Since the Garden, there has been only one promised plan
to do that: God would take on flesh and blood. Immanuel comes—God in the
flesh—exactly as promised to save his people. The use of the Great O
Antiphons on this Sunday as we sing all eight stanzas of “O, Come, O, Come,
Emmanuel” highlights God’s promises kept by invoking an Old Testament title for
Christ and anticipating the promise kept by the Christ-child.
Old Testament: Isaiah
7:1-17
When Ahaz son of
Jotham, the son of Uzziah, was king of Judah , King Rezin of Aram and Pekah son of Remaliah king of Israel marched up to fight against Jerusalem , but they could not overpower it. 2
Now the house of David was told, "Aram has allied itself with Ephraim"; so the
hearts of Ahaz and his people were shaken, as the trees of the forest are
shaken by the wind. 3 Then the LORD said to Isaiah, "Go out,
you and your son Shear-Jashub, to meet Ahaz at the end of the aqueduct of the
Upper Pool, on the road to the Washerman's Field. 4 Say to him, 'Be
careful, keep calm and don't be afraid. Do not lose heart because of these two
smoldering stubs of firewood-- because of the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram and of the son of Remaliah. 5 Aram , Ephraim and Remaliah's son have plotted your
ruin, saying, 6 "Let us invade Judah ; let us tear it apart and divide it among
ourselves, and make the son of Tabeel king over it." 7 Yet this
is what the Sovereign LORD says: "'It will not take place, it will not
happen, 8 for the head of Aram is Damascus , and the head of Damascus is only Rezin. Within sixty-five years Ephraim
will be too shattered to be a people. 9 The head of Ephraim is Samaria , and the head of Samaria is only Remaliah's son. If you do not stand firm
in your faith, you will not stand at all.'" 10 Again the LORD
spoke to Ahaz, 11 "Ask the LORD your God for a sign, whether in
the deepest depths or in the highest heights." 12 But Ahaz
said, "I will not ask; I will not put the LORD to the test." 13
Then Isaiah said, "Hear now, you house of David! Is it not enough to try
the patience of men? Will you try the patience of my God also? 14
Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: The virgin will be with child
and will give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel. 15 He will
eat curds and honey when he knows enough to reject the wrong and choose the
right. 16 But before the boy knows enough to reject the wrong and
choose the right, the land of the two kings you dread will be laid waste.
17 The LORD will bring on you and on your people and on the house of your
father a time unlike any since Ephraim broke away from Judah-- he will bring
the king of Assyria."
Some background
information on King Ahaz, so that you are able to make greater sense of the
prophecy of the virgin birth: King Ahaz of Judah
ruled from 736–716 b.c. Ahaz was one of the most ungodly kings of Judah ,
even sacrificing his own son in the fire. During his reign, Pekah, the son of
Remaliah who was the king of Israel
(here called Ephraim), and Rezin, the king of Aram
(Syria , whose
capital was Damascus ), became
allies to destroy Judah .
In this chapter Isaiah called Ahaz to trust in the Lord for protection from
this alliance. Ahaz refused. Ahaz’s solution to this threat was to make his own
alliance with the nation of Assyria , north of Aram .
(Read 2 Kings 16:1-9.) Assyria did its job only too
well. It ultimately destroyed the Northern Kingdom of Israel and would have
destroyed Judah
and Jerusalem if the Lord had not
intervened.
1. What is the Lord’s promise to Ahaz regarding his two
enemies, Ephraim and Aram ?
What does Isaiah tell Ahaz to do in verse 9?
2. The Lord wanted to help Ahaz believe. God offered to
give him a sign. How did Ahaz respond to God’s offer?
3. God himself gave Ahaz a sign. Read Matthew 1:18-25.
What is the meaning of the prophecy? How can a prophecy that would happen so
far in the future be a sign to Ahaz?
Epistle: Romans 1:1
Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle
and set apart for the gospel of God-- 2 the gospel he promised
beforehand through his prophets in the Holy Scriptures 3 regarding
his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David, 4 and
who through the Spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God
by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. 5 Through
him and for his name's sake, we received grace and apostleship to call people
from among all the Gentiles to the obedience that comes from faith. 6
And you also are among those who are called to belong to Jesus Christ. 7
To all in Rome who are loved by God
and called to be saints: Grace and peace to you from God our Father and from
the Lord Jesus Christ.
4. In verses 2 and 3, Paul tells us the message he
preached to the world. What was that message?
Gospel: Matthew 1:18
This is how the birth of Jesus Christ came about: His
mother Mary was pledged to be married to Joseph, but before they came together,
she was found to be with child through the Holy Spirit. 19 Because
Joseph her husband was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public
disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. 20 But after he had
considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said,
"Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife,
because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. 21 She
will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he
will save his people from their sins." 22 All this took place
to fulfill what the Lord had said through the prophet: 23 "The
virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and they will call him
Immanuel"--which means, "God with us." 24 When Joseph
woke up, he did what the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took Mary home
as his wife. 25 But he had no union with her until she gave birth to
a son. And he gave him the name Jesus.
5. When Joseph discovered Mary was “showing,” he was of a
mind to discretely put her away. Do you gain any insight into the man from
this?
6. The way Matthew recorded the account of Joseph showed
that Jesus was born of a virgin through the power of the Spirit. How does it
become clear that Joseph was not the father? How does it become clear that no
other human being was Jesus’ father?
7. Jesus means “he will save the people from their sins.”
This wasn’t an uncommon name for Hebrew boys. It is a version of the name
Joshua. What, however, was unique about Mary’s son receiving the name Jesus?
8. This child would also be named “Immanuel.” What is so
special about that name?
Answers:
1. They would not be successful in their attempts to
unseat Ahaz. Within 65 years, Ephraim (the northern nation of Israel )
would be destroyed. (Syria
would be destroyed as well.) Isaiah tells Ahaz to believe God’s promises. If
Ahaz did not stand by faith, he would not stand at all. If he followed his own
plans and schemes, he would fall.
2. In false humility he refused to “test” the Lord. In
refusing the sign, he tried the Lord’s patience.
3. It was fulfilled when Jesus was born. Jesus is
Immanuel, “God with us.” Since God would come to his people in the future, Ahaz
could be sure God would help him in his day.
4. That God’s Son was born as a human being and shown to
be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead. At this time of the Church
Year when we are focusing on Jesus’ birth, it is important for us to remember
three things that Paul mentions in the opening verses of his epistle to the
Roman Christians – 1) He is the divine Lord of glory; 2) He is also the
fulfillment of prophecy in that he was born of the line of David and was human living
humbly in the womb of Mary; 3) And that he was born in order to die and rise
again for the sins of the world.
5. Joseph was a “righteous man” (verse 19), that is, he
had a high regard for how God’s Word applied to his personal life. Joseph was
also concerned about the spirit in which he took action. He wanted to do so
“quietly” (verse 19) and not subject Mary to public ridicule. God provided the
boy Jesus with a stable and devout earthly father.
6. First, if Joseph himself had been unfaithful with Mary,
it would have been the height of hypocrisy for him to divorce Mary. The fact
that he wanted to divorce her shows he was not the father of her child. And
then, for him to reverse his decision shows that he believed God that no other
human was the father. The entire account is meant to teach us that Jesus was
born of Mary through the power of the Holy Spirit.
7. Jesus would actually fulfill what his name means. There
has never been a lack of people claiming to be saviors of one kind or another.
But only Jesus of Nazareth gives his name its fullest and truest meaning. He
alone saved all people from their sins.
8. “Immanuel” means “God with us.” God is no longer
alienated from sinful human beings. He crossed the gap that was brought about
by Adam’s sin of breaking perfect fellowship with God. In the union of God and
man in the person of Jesus Christ, God is with us.
What kind of communion
of the divine nature must that be of which the apostle says, “in [Christ] the
whole fullness of deity dwells bodily” so that God and man are one person? It
is important that this doctrine about the communion of the properties of both
natures be treated and explained with proper discrimination. There are many ways of speaking about the
person of Christ and of its natures and properties. When these are used without proper
distinction, the doctrine becomes confused and the simple reader is easily led
astray. The following explanation should
be carefully noted:
In Christ two
distinct natures exist and remain unchanged and unconfused in their natural
essence and properties. Yet there is
only one person consisting of both natures. Therefore, that which is an attribute of only
one nature is attributed not to that nature alone, as separate. It is attributed to the entire person, who is
at the same time God and man (whether the person is called God or man).
In this way
of speaking, it does not make sense that what is attributed to the person is at
the same time a property of both natures. But its nature is distinctively explained by
what is ascribed to the person. So “His Son … was descended from David
according to the flesh” (Romans 1:3). Also: Christ was “put to death in the
flesh” (1 Peter 3:18 ) and “suffered in the flesh” (1 Peter 4:1). – Formula of Concord ,
Article VIII, The Person of Christ (paragraphs 34-47)
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